Abstract This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from ‘no identification’ and ‘extremely low identification’ to ‘partial’ and ‘good identification,’ while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a ‘good identification’ of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to present hypotheses supporting capoeira as an activity aimed at health rehabilitation and maintenance of quality of life. METHODS: Capoeira players (n=245), residing in Brazil and abroad, were evaluated for quality of life (physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains from WHOQOL-bref). The capoeira players’ quality of life scores were compared to normative values and reference values in martial arts. Besides, studies involving capoeira (Medline/Embase/Cinahl/SportDiscus) were also reviewed for health-related hypotheses, describing population, intervention, comparator, and outcome. RESULTS: There are hypotheses on capoeira improving health through (1) body composition, addressed by two studies investigating waist circumference, bone, and muscle mass; (2) functional capacity, investigated by three studies considering performance variables; (3) metabolism, in two studies demonstrating triglycerides and blood glucose reduction, and an enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis; and (4) cardiovascular parameters, addressed by two studies highlighting an increase in maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, and rate of pressure product reduction, as well as an increase in parasympathetic activity at rest. The sample of this study had higher quality of life scores when compared to normative values for Brazilians, similar quality of life when it comes to social relationships, higher quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains, and lower quality of life in the physical domain when compared to practitioners of other combat sports/martial arts. CONCLUSION: An analysis of the impacts of capoeira resulted in hypotheses on the rehabilitation of players’ biological health. Although the individuals were evaluated within the pandemic period, their quality of life domains were similar or superior to normative or reference values found by studies from before the pandemic.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a percepção de jovens, futuros ingressantes no mercado de trabalho e pertencentes à geração Z, sobre a disciplina de Logística e as ferramentas de aprendizagem utilizadas por eles. Foram realizados estudos em artigos científicos que abarcaram a geração Z e o mercado de trabalho; a disciplina de Logística no ambiente escolar; e as ferramentas de aprendizagem. Utilizou-se um questionário prévio na condução da pesquisa com os alunos do curso técnico em Administração de um Instituto Federal em relação à disciplina de Logística. Por meio da análise de dados de 278 estudantes respondentes da pesquisa, pôde-se observar grande expectativa da geração Z em utilizar ferramentas tecnológicas em seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem e participar de visitas técnicas para aproximar a teoria da prática do mercado de trabalho. Por conseguinte, foi inferido que o ingresso efetivo dos estudantes da geração Z no mercado pode estar ligado ao aprendizado mais prático em sala de aula e às habilidades e competências específicas desse grupo geracional.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the perception of young people, Generation Z future labor-market entrants, over the discipline of logistics and the learning tools used by them. Studies were carried out in scientific articles that encompassed Generation Z and the labor market; the discipline of logistics in the school environment; and studies on learning tools. A previous questionnaire was used to conduct the research with students from the Administration technical course of a Federal Institute regarding the discipline of logistics. Through a data analysis from 278 students who responded to the survey, it was observed a great expectation of Generation Z in using technological tools in their teaching-learning process, and attending technical visits to bring closer theory and practice in the labor market. Therefore, it was inferred that the effective entry of Generation Z students into the labor market can be connected to more practical learning in the classroom and to the specific skills and competences of this generational group.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de los jóvenes, futuros ingresantes en el mercado laboral y pertenecientes a la generación Z, sobre la disciplina de Logística y las herramientas de aprendizaje utilizados por estos estudiantes. Se han realizado estudios en artículos científicos que engloban la generación Z y el mercado laboral; la disciplina de Logística en el entorno escolar y las herramientas de aprendizaje. Se utilizó un cuestionario previo para realizar la investigación con los estudiantes del Curso Técnico en Administración de un instituto federal en relación con la disciplina de Logística. Por medio del análisis de datos de 278 estudiantes que respondieron a la investigación, fue posible observar una gran expectativa de la generación Z para usar herramientas tecnológicas en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y participar de visitas técnicas para acercar la teoría de la práctica del mercado laboral. En consecuencia, se infirió que la entrada efectiva de los estudiantes de la generación Z en el mercado laboral puede estar vinculada a un aprendizaje más práctico en el aula y a las habilidades y competencias específicas de este grupo generacional.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

Resumo Objetivo analisar as variáveis sociodemográficas associadas ao nível de atividade física (NAF) insuficiente em quilombolas baianos. Métodos estudo transversal com dados obtidos por meio de formulário padronizado, com características sociodemográficas e o NAF, aplicado como entrevista em amostra representativa de adultos residentes em quilombos de região geográfica baiana; empregou-se regressão logística bruta e ajustada. Resultados foram incluídos 850 participantes, com idade média de 45,0+17,0 anos; 61,2% do sexo feminino; a prevalência de inatividade física foi 21,9% (IC95%19,1;24,7); o nível insuficiente de AF entre os adultos quilombolas foi maior entre idosos (OR 2,12; IC95%1,29; 3,49) e indivíduos que não trabalhavam (OR 1,47; IC95%1,01; 2,14). Conclusão ser idoso e não trabalhar se associa com NAF insuficiente em quilombolas.

Abstract Objective to analyze sociodemographic variables associated with insufficient physical activity level in Bahian quilombolas. Methods this was a cross-sectional study with data on sociodemographic characteristics and level of physical activity using a standardized form, administered through interviews with a representative sample of adults living in quilombos in the geographical region of Bahia; crude and adjusted logistic regression was used. Results 850 participants were included whose average age was 45.0+17.0 years; 61.2% were female; prevalence of physical inactivity was 21.9% (95%CI 19.1; 24.7); insufficient physical activity level among adult quilombolas was higher among the elderly (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.29; 3.49) and individuals who did not work (OR 1.47; 95%CI 1.01; 2, 14). Conclusion being elderly and not working is associated with insufficient physical activity in quilombolas.

Resumen Objetivos analizar las variables sociodemográficas asociadas con un nivel de actividad física (NAF) insuficiente en quilombolas bahianos. Métodos estudio transversal con datos obtenidos a través de formulario estandarizado, con características sociodemográficas y NAF, aplicado como entrevista en una muestra representativa de adultos que viven en quilombos en la región geográfica de Bahía. Se utilizó la regresión logística bruta y ajustada. Resultados se incluyeron 850 participantes, con una edad promedio de 45,0 + 17,0 años; el 61,2% era de mujeres. La prevalencia de inactividad física fue del 21,9% (IC95%19,1; 24,7). El nivel insuficiente de AF entre los adultos quilombolas fue mayor entre los ancianos (OR 2.12; IC95%1.29; 3.49) y las personas que no trabajaban (OR 1.47; IC95%1.01; 2, 14). Conclusión ser anciano y no trabajar se asocia con un nivel de actividad física insuficiente en quilombolas.

Resumo Objetivo analisar as variáveis sociodemográficas associadas ao nível de atividade física (NAF) insuficiente em quilombolas baianos. Métodos estudo transversal com dados obtidos por meio de formulário padronizado, com características sociodemográficas e o NAF, aplicado como entrevista em amostra representativa de adultos residentes em quilombos de região geográfica baiana; empregou-se regressão logística bruta e ajustada. Resultados foram incluídos 850 participantes, com idade média de 45,0+17,0 anos; 61,2% do sexo feminino; a prevalência de inatividade física foi 21,9% (IC95%19,1;24,7); o nível insuficiente de AF entre os adultos quilombolas foi maior entre idosos (OR 2,12; IC95%1,29; 3,49) e indivíduos que não trabalhavam (OR 1,47; IC95%1,01; 2,14). Conclusão ser idoso e não trabalhar se associa com NAF insuficiente em quilombolas.

Abstract Objective to analyze sociodemographic variables associated with insufficient physical activity level in Bahian quilombolas. Methods this was a cross-sectional study with data on sociodemographic characteristics and level of physical activity using a standardized form, administered through interviews with a representative sample of adults living in quilombos in the geographical region of Bahia; crude and adjusted logistic regression was used. Results 850 participants were included whose average age was 45.0+17.0 years; 61.2% were female; prevalence of physical inactivity was 21.9% (95%CI 19.1; 24.7); insufficient physical activity level among adult quilombolas was higher among the elderly (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.29; 3.49) and individuals who did not work (OR 1.47; 95%CI 1.01; 2, 14). Conclusion being elderly and not working is associated with insufficient physical activity in quilombolas.

Resumen Objetivos analizar las variables sociodemográficas asociadas con un nivel de actividad física (NAF) insuficiente en quilombolas bahianos. Métodos estudio transversal con datos obtenidos a través de formulario estandarizado, con características sociodemográficas y NAF, aplicado como entrevista en una muestra representativa de adultos que viven en quilombos en la región geográfica de Bahía. Se utilizó la regresión logística bruta y ajustada. Resultados se incluyeron 850 participantes, con una edad promedio de 45,0 + 17,0 años; el 61,2% era de mujeres. La prevalencia de inactividad física fue del 21,9% (IC95%19,1; 24,7). El nivel insuficiente de AF entre los adultos quilombolas fue mayor entre los ancianos (OR 2.12; IC95%1.29; 3.49) y las personas que no trabajaban (OR 1.47; IC95%1.01; 2, 14). Conclusión ser anciano y no trabajar se asocia con un nivel de actividad física insuficiente en quilombolas.

Resumo Respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas têm sido utilizadas como indicadores sensíveis da saúde cardiovascular durante situações de cunho emocional. Todavia, ainda são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam esses indicadores quando os sentimentos produzidos ocorrem a partir de experiências vicárias. O presente estudo objetivou verificar se medidas de empatia estariam associadas a variações nos indicadores de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, duplo produto e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens adultos, após sua exposição a situações-estímulo. Os resultados indicam que indicadores hemodinâmicos e autonômicos cardíacos estiveram associados a componentes da empatia situacional e da empatia constitucional. Estes resultados são discutidos com base na teoria de Martin Hoffman e a partir de achados recentes no campo da Psicofisiologia.

Abstract Hemodynamic and autonomic responses have been used as sensitive indicators of cardiovascular health in situations involving emotions. However, few studies evaluated these indicators when feelings result from vicarious experiences. This research aimed to verify if empathy measures would be associated with variations in blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product, and heart rate variability in young adults, after exposure to experimental situations. Results point out that hemodynamic and autonomic cardiac indicators were associated with dispositional and situational empathy. These results are discussed based on Martin Hoffman's theory and in the light of recent findings in the field of Psychophysiology.

Abstract AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effects of whole body isometric resistance training (IRT) on blood pressure (BP), strength and aerobic fitness. We also analyzed whether the effects of whole body isometric training compares to whole body dynamic resistance training (DRT). METHODS Twenty-nine pre-hypertensive sedentary males, aged between 40 and 60 years were divided into three groups: IRT (n = 10), DRT (n = 9), and Control (n = 10). Both programs involved whole body resistance training, and occurred for 12 weeks, three times/week, at an intensity of 60% of a dynamic one repetition maximum test (1RM). Before and after 12 weeks, 24 hours blood pressure monitoring, 1RM strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. RESULTS IRT reduced diastolic BP values during a 24-hour period and daytime. There was also a decrease in mean BP values during daytime (P<0.05). No interaction between time and group in systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, heart rate and arterial stiffness index were observed (P>0.05). IRT increased strength and aerobic fitness when compared to Control group. However, these changes were lower than DRT regarding strength (DRT: ∆ = 43.1±10.6% vs. IRT: ∆ = 24.1±7.1% vs. CON: Δ = 4.2±11.5%; P<0.05) and aerobic fitness (DRT: ∆ = 22.9±10.7% vs. IRT: ∆ = 12.9±6.1% vs. CON: Δ = -2.1±7.4%; P<0.01). CONCLUSION Whole body IRT reduced diastolic BP and mean BP, however, the decrease was not different for the DRT group. IRT also increased strength and aerobic fitness, nevertheless, these changes were lower than after DRT.

Abstract Meta-analytical studies have indicated that isometric handgrip training promotes significant reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with similar or greater decreases in blood pressure than observed after aerobic and dynamic resistance training. However, several gaps in the literature still need to be addressed. Thus, we designed the ISOPRESS network group, which consists of a task force of different research groups aimed at analyzing the effects of isometric handgrip training on different contexts, parameters, and populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the rationale and design behind the ISOPRESS, presenting the methods employed. The ISOPRESS questions involve whether isometric handgrip training is effective in hypertensives in different settings (ISOPRESS 1 - unsupervised training and ISOPRESS 2 - public health system), whether it works in patients with other cardiovascular diseases (ISOPRESS 3 - obstructive sleep apnea and ISOPRESS 4 - peripheral artery disease) and what are the mechanisms underlying the effects of isometric handgrip training in hypertensives (ISOPRESS 5 - neural mechanism). The study will yield information on the effectiveness of isometric handgrip training in different settings and patients with other cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will help to understand the mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure in hypertensives.

Resumo Verificar as respostas de 24 horas da pressão arterial (PA) em jovens adultos após diferentes ordens de execução do exercício aeróbio (EA) e resistido (ER). Participarão do estudo dez homens saudáveis (22,6 ± 70,3; 3.7 anos ± 5,8 kg; 175,9 ± 5,8 centímetros). O estudo consistiu em quatro sessões experimentais realizadas de forma aleatórias: EA + ER (AR); ER + EA (RA); Circuito Concorrente (CC) e controle (CO). Todas as sessões tiveram a mesma duração e intensidade, EA: 15 min a 90% do limar de lactato mínimo indireto; ER: 15min a 90% de 12 RM com 12 repetições (seis exercícios). A PA foi medida antes, durante e 1 h (Microlife® BP3A1C) após a realização de exercícios em laboratório e 23 h durante as atividades diárias, utilizando a medição da pressão arterial ambulatorial (Dyna-MAPA®). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) no período de 24 horas e de vigília, e a diastólica (PAD), no período de 24 horas, o sono e de vigília, e a média da PA no período de vigília foram menores na sessão RA em comparação com a sessão CO apresentando um tamanho do efeito de moderado a alto (d de Cohen = -0,46 / -0,78). A área sob a curva da PAD na sessão AR foi menor do que na sessão CO no período de vigília (1004 ± 82 vs. 1065 ± 107; p < 0,047) e 24 h (1456 ± 103 vs 1528 ± 132; p < 0,026) períodos. A sessão RA apresentou maiores pontos de redução da PA durante 24 horas em relação ao outros protocolos.

Abstract To verify 24-hour blood pressure (BP) responses in young adults after different orders of aerobic (AE) and resistance exercises (RE). Anaerobic threshold (AT) and strength (12 RM) were evaluated in ten healthy men (22.6 ± 3.7yrs; 70.3 ± 5.8 kg; 175.9 ± 5.8 cm). Four experimental sessions: Aerobic + Resistance (AR); Resistance + Aerobic (RA); Concurrent circuit (CC) and control day (CO) were randomly performed. All sessions had the same duration and intensity, AE: 15 min at 90% of AT; ER: 15 min at 90% of 12 RM with 12 reps (6 exercises). BP was measured before, during and 1 h (Microlife® BP3A1C) after performing exercises in the laboratory and 23 h during daily activities using ambulatory blood pressure measurement (Dyna-MAPA®). Systolic BP (SBP) in 24 h and awake periods, and Diastolic BP (DBP) in 24 h, sleep and awake periods, and Mean BP in awake period were lower in RA session compared with CO session with moderate to high effect size (d de Cohen = -0.46/-0.78). The DBP area under the curve in RA was lower than CO in awake (1004 ± 82 vs. 1065 ± 107; p < 0.047) and 24 h (1456 ± 103 vs. 1528 ± 132; p < 0.026) periods. The SBP delta were lower in RA at 0-1 h (-12.0 mmHg), 2-3h (-16.5 mmHg), 6-7 h (-19.4 mmHg) and 10-11 h (-13.0 mmHg) compared with CO; lower in AR at 4-5h (-19.2 mmHg) and 6-7 h (-20.2 mmHg) compared with CO; and lower in CC at 2-3h (-15.6 mmHg) and 6-7 h (-17.5 mmHg) compared with CO. The DBP was lower at 4-5 h (-14.0 mmHg) in RA compared with CO. After performing RA exercises, there were greater decreases in BP during 24 h in young adults.

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar índices de adiposidade corporal e identificar pontos de corte na predição de incapacidade funcional em mulheres idosas. Oitenta e sete voluntárias (67,27±6,45 anos) foram submetidas à avaliação de composição corporal através de Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), e tiveram cinco índices antropométricos mensurados (perímetro de cintura, PC; relação cintura estatura, RCE; índice de massa corporal, IMC; índice da adiposidade corporal, IAC; e índice de conicidade). A funcionalidade foi avaliada a partir de três protocolos da Senior Fitness Test Battery: sentar e levantar em 30 segundos; 8-foot up-and-go; e caminhada de seis minutos. A correlação de Pearson foi conduzida para identificar o relacionamento entre as medidas de adiposidade corporal e os resultados de funcionalidade. Foram obtidos pontos de corte para incapacidade funcional a partir de curvas ROC, e o odds ratio foi calculado para o mesmo desfecho. A prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi de 36,8%. Os escores dos testes sentar e levantar em 30 segundos, caminhada de seis minutos e 8-foot up-and-goapresentaram associações mais consistentes para PC (r=-0,345; p<0,01), RCE (r=-0,417; p<0,01) e IAC (r=0,296; p<0,01), respectivamente. Os pontos de corte identificados foram 89,5cm, 39,2%, 26,93kg/m2, 34,6%, 0,51cm e 1,23, para PC, percentual de gordura medido pelo DXA, IMC, IAC, RCE e índice de conicidade, respectivamente. O PC apresentou maior razão de chances para incapacidade funcional (odds ratio:3,16; IC:1,3–7,8). O PC apresentou associação mais consistente com os testes funcionais e seus valores de corte exibiram habilidade preditora para incapacidade em mulheres idosas.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare body adiposity indexes and to identify cutoff values in the prediction of disability in older women. Eighty-seven volunteers (67.27±6.45 years) underwent body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and had five anthropometric indexes measured (Waist Circumference, WC; Waist-to-Height Ratio, WHtR; Body Mass Index, BMI; Body Adiposity Index, BAI; and conicity index). Functionality was assessed from three Senior Fitness Test Battery protocols: 30-second chair stand, 8-foot up-and-go, and 6-minute walk. Pearson’s correlation was conducted to identify the relationship between body adiposity indexes and functionality results. Cutoff values to predict disability were obtained from ROC curves and odds ratio were calculated for the same outcome. Disability prevalence was 36.8%. Scores in the 30-second chair stand, 8-foot up-and-go, and 6-minute walk tests showed stronger associations with WC (r=-0.345; p<0.01), WHtR (r=-0.417; p<0.01) and BAI (r=0.296; p<0.01), respectively. The cutoff values identified were 89.5cm, 39.2%, 26.93kg/m2, 34.6%, 0.51cm and 1.23 for WC, DXA-derived body fat percentage, BMI, BAI, WHtR and conicity index, respectively. WC showed greater odds ratio for disability outcome (odds ratio: 3.16; CI: 1.3–7.8). WC showed strong relationship with functional tests and its cutoff values exhibited predicting skill for disability in older women.

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a reprodutibilidade do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e de marcadores autonômicos cardíacos pós-esforço em idosas fisicamente ativas e sedentárias. Dezoito idosas ativas (64,2 ± 3,1 anos; 63,0 ± 2,7 kg; 1,52 ± 0,06 m; 26,9 ± 2,7 kg.m-2) praticantes de Tai Chi Chuan (≥6 meses de prática) e 18 idosas sedentárias (64,0 ± 3,7 anos; 63,8 ± 8,9 kg; 1,49 ± 0,05 m; 28,4 ± 3,5 kg.m-2) foram submetidas a dois TC6 com uma semana de intervalo. Foram medidas a frequência cardíaca de recuperação (FCR) de um e dois minutos (FCR1’ e FCR2’, respectivamente) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) pós-esforço. A reprodutibilidade foi verificada pelos: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) com 95% de intervalo de confiança; análise de concordância de Bland-Altman; e coeficiente de variação (CV). O desempenho no TC6 (528,8±71,4 m e 473,2±62,4 m; CV=7,9% e CV=8,5%) apresentou alta reprodutibilidade (CCI=0,86) em idosas ativas e sedentárias, respectivamente. Similarmente, as medidas pós-esforço da FCR1’ (29,0±11,0 bpm e 17,0±8,0 bpm; CV=30,1% e CV=40,2%) e FCR2’ (36,0±10,0 bpm e 24,0±9,0 bpm; CV=23,7% e CV=22,8%) apresentaram alta reprodutibilidade (CCI≥0,84 e CCI≥0,80) em ambos os grupos. Quanto a VFC verificou-se reprodutibilidade moderada (CCI≥0,57; CV=35-47%) em idosas ativas e moderada-alta nas sedentárias (CCI=0,65-0,76; CV=34-69%). Todas as variáveis apresentaram concordância em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que o TC6, FCR e VFC pós-esforço são instrumentos reprodutíveis na avaliação da capacidade funcional e controle autonômico cardíaco em idosas ativas e sedentárias.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and post-exercise cardiac autonomic markers in physically active and sedentary older women. Eighteen physically active older women (64.2±3.1 years; 63.0±2.7 kg; 1.52±0.06 m; 26.9±2.7 kg.m-2) who performed Tai Chi Chuan for at least 6 months, and 18 sedentary older women (64.0±3.7 years; 63.8±8.9 kg; 1.49±0.05 m; 28.4±3.5 kg.m-2) were submitted to 6MWT in two separate occasions. Immediately after 6MWT, heart rate recovery at one (HRR1’) and two minutes (HRR2’), as well as the heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded. Reliability was verified by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval, Bland-Altman plots were used as a measure of agreement, and coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated. High reliability (ICC=0.86) was found for performance in 6MWT (528.8 ± 71.4 m and 473.2 ± 62.4 m; CV=7.9 and VC=8.5%) in both groups. Likewise, high reliability (ICC≥0.84 and ICC≥0.80) was found for HRR 1’ (29.0±11.0 bpm and 17.0±8.0 bpm; VC=30.1% and VC =40.2%) and HRR 2’ (36.0±10.0 bpm and 24.0±9.0 bpm; VC =23.7% and VC =22.8%) in both groups. Regarding HRV, moderate reliability was found in the active group (CCI≥0.57; VC =35-47%), while moderate-high reliability was found in the sedentary group (CCI=0.65-0.76; VC=34-69%). Agreement was found for all variables analyzed. In conclusion, post-exercise 6MWT, HRR, and HRV are reliable tools to assess functional capacity and cardiac autonomic control in physically active and sedentary older women.

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito de uma sessão combinada de exercício realizada em diferentes períodos do dia, sobre as respostas de pressão arterial (PA) durante 24h. Limiar anaeróbio (LA) e teste de 12 repetições máximas (12RM) foram avaliados em nove atletas (masculinos) de jiu-jitsu (22,0±3,7 anos; 176,0±5,0 cm; 73,4±9,7 kg; 6,8±2,1 %gordura). Quatro sessões experimentais foram realizadas: exercício resistido + exercício aeróbio [manhã (ManhaE) e tarde (TardeE)] e sessão controle (C) [manhã e tarde]. A sessão da manhã foi realizada 09:00h e a sessão da tarde foi realizada ás 15:00h. O exercício resistido consistiu em três séries a 90% de 12RM em seis exercícios. O exercício aeróbio consistiu em 15min a 90% do LA. PA foi mensurada antes, durante e 1h (Microlife(r) BP3A1C) após a realização dos exercícios em laboratório e 23h durante as atividades diárias com a monitorização ambulatorial da PA (Dyna-MAPA(r)). Ao analisar os valores da área abaixo da curva (AAC) indicaram reduções significativas nos parâmetros de pressão arterial em vários pontos de tempo durante o período de acompanhamento de 24 horas. Para a PA sistólica (PAS), observaram-se valores significativamente mais baixos após a sessão realizada pela manha em comparação a sessão controle na vigília (ManhaE: 1756,2±100,8 vs. C: 1818,2±84,3 mmHg*15h; p< 0,05) e 24h-total (ManhaE: 2695,8±143,3 vs. C: 2784,1±143,2 mmHg*24h; p< 0,05). Nas 24h-total também ocorreu diferença na PA média (PAM) (ManhaE: 2015,7±121,2 vs. C: 2087,3±153,8 mmHg*24h; p< 0,05). Houve uma diferença significativa na AAC no período de sono na PAS (TardeE: 883,6±27,0 vs. C: 965,2±67,9 mmHg*9h; p < 0,05), PA diastólica (PAD) (TardeE: 481,4±30,9 vs. ManhaE: 552,9±34,2 e C: 562,1±52,3 mmHg*9h; p< 0,01) e PAM (TardeE: 651,9±22,4 vs. ManhaE: 708,7±43,1 e C: 726,9±64,7 mmHg*9h; p< 0,01). O exercício combinado realizado em diferentes períodos do dia contribuiu distintamente na redução da PA. A sessão ManhaE foi importante na redução da PAS e PAM nas 24h totais de monitorização e a sessão TardeE mais importante na redução da PAS, PAD e PAM no sono de atletas de jiu-jitsu.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a combined exercise session performed at different periods of the day on the 24h blood pressure (BP) response. Anaerobic threshold (AT) and 12 repetition maximum (12RM) tests were evaluated in nine Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (male) (22±3.7 y; 176±5.0 cm; 73.4±9.7 kg; 6.8±2.1 % body fat). Four experimental sessions were performed: resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise [Morning (MornS) and Afternoon (AfternS)] and Control (C) [Morning and Afternoon]. The morning sessions were conducted at 09:00 a.m. and the afternoon sessions were conducted at 3:00 p.m. The resistance exercise consisted of three sets at 90% of a 12RM for six resistance exercises. The aerobic exercise consisted of 15min at 90% of the AT. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before, during and 1h (Microlife(r) BP3A1C) after the performance of exercises in laboratory, and then during daily activities for the succeeding 23h by ambulatory BP monitoring (Dyna-MAPA(r)). Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) indicated significant reductions in blood pressure parameters at various time points during the 24h monitoring period. For systolic BP (SBP), significantly lower values were shown following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 1756.2±100.8 vs. C: 1818.2±84.3 mmHg*15h; p < .05) and total-24h (MornS: 2695.8±143.3 vs. C: 2784.1±143.2 mmHg*24h; p < .05). The total-24h mean BP (MAP) was also significantly lower following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 2015.7±121.2 vs. C: 2087.3±153.8 mmHg*24h; p < .05). There were significant differences in the sleeping AUC of SBP (AfternS: 883.6±27.0 vs. C: 965.2±67.9 mmHg*9h; p< .05), diastolic BP (DBP) (AfternS: 481.4±30.9 vs. MornS: 552.9±34.2 and C: 562.1±52.3 mmHg*9h; p < .01) and MBP (AfternS: 651.9±22.4 vs. MornS: 708.7±43.1 and C: 726.9±64.7 mmHg*9h; p < .01). The combined exercise performed at different periods of the day contributed distinctly to the reduction of BP. The morning session was important in reducing SBP and MBP in the total-24h monitoring, while the afternoon session reduced SBP, DBP and MBP during sleeping in jiu-Jitsu athletes.

ResumenEl objetivo de estudio fue comparar el efecto de una sesión combinada de ejercicio realizada en diferentes períodos del día, sobre las respuestas de presión arterial (PA) durante 24h. Umbral anaeróbico (Uan) y test de 12 repeticiones máximas (12RM). Fueron evaluados nueve atletas (hombres) de jiu-jitsu (22,0±3,7 años; 176,0±5,0 cm; 73,4±9,7 kg; 6,8±2,1% grasa). Cuatro sesiones de test fueron realizadas: ejercicio resistido + ejercicio aeróbico [mañana (MañaE) y tarde (tardE)] y sesión control (C) [mañana y tarde]. La sesión matinal ocurrió las 9.00 y la sesión vespertina ocurrió las 15.00. El ejercicios resistidos consistió en tres series a 90% de 12 RM em seis ejercicios. El ejercicio aeróbico consistió en 15 minutos a 90% de LA. La presión arterial (PA) fue medida antes, durante y 1 hora tras la realización de los ejercicios en laboratorio (Microlife(r) BP3A1C) y 23 horas durante las actividades diarias con el monitoreo ambulatorio de la PA (Dyna-MAPA(r)). Mediante el análisis del área bajo la curva (ABC) mostraron reducciones significativas en los parámetros de PA en varios puntos de tiempo durante el período de seguimiento de 24 horas. Para la PA sistólica (PAS), hubo valores significativamente más bajos después de las sesiones de vigilia (MañaE: 1756,2±100,8 vs. C: 1818,2±84,3 mmHg*15h; p< 0,05) y 24hs-total (MañaE: 2695,8±143,3 vs. C: 2784,1±143,2 mmHg*24h; p< 0,05). En las 24hs-total también ocurrió diferencia en la PA media (PAM) (MañaE: 2015,7±121,2 vs. C: 2087,3±153,8 mmHg*24h; p< 0,05). En durante el sueño ocurrieron alteraciones en el ABC de la PA PAS (tardE: 883,6±27,0 vs. C: 965,2±67,9 mmHg*9h; p< 0,05), PA diastólica (PAD) (tardE: 481,4±30,9 vs. MañaE: 552,9±34,2 y C: 562,1±52,3 mmHg*9h; p< 0,01) y PA media (tardE: 651,9±22,4 vs. RAM: 708,7±43,1 y C: 726,9±64,7 mmHg*9h; p< 0,01). El ejercicio combinado realizado en diferentes períodos del día, contribuyó de modo distinto en la reducción de la PA, donde la sesión MañaE fue importante en la reducción de la PAS y PAM en las 24 horas totales de monitoreo y la sesión tardE más importante en la reducción de la PAS, PAD y PAM en el sueño de los atletas de jiu-jitsu.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre indicadores antropométricos e aptidão aeróbia com a reatividade vascular de pressão arterial (RV PA) em homens saudáveis. Quarenta indivíduos do sexo masculino (27.3 ± 6.3 anos; 77.2 ± 11.5 kg; 175.7 ± 6.9 cm) realizaram medidas de índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), percentual de gordura (%G), consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2max) e um teste de RV PA (Cold Pressor Test - CPT) com imersão da mão em água a 4º Celsius durante 1 minuto. Não ocorreu associação entre aptidão aeróbia (VO2max abaixo ou acima da média e teste de correlação) com RV PA (p> 0.05). Indicadores antropométricos como IMC (r= 0.31 / 0.54), CC (r= 0.30 / 0.49), RCQ (r= 0.30 / 0.36) e %G (r= 0.31 / 0.35) demonstraram correlações significativas com RV PA (p< 0.05), contudo, somente a CC durante o CPT (ß= 0.30 / 0.43) e o IMC após o CPT (ß= 0.54 / 0.81) foram preditores da RV PA (p= 0.05). Conclui-se que indicadores antropométricos apresentaram correlações independentes com a RV PA, contudo, apenas a CC (durante) e o IMC (após) se mostraram preditores significativos da RV PA, o que sugere que a adiposidade corporal, independente da aptidão aeróbia, tenha importante papel como fator de risco para a doença cardiovascular.

The aim of this study was to verify the association between anthropometric parameters and aerobic fitness with vascular reactivity of blood pressure (VR BP) at healthy male subjects. It was assessed in forty apparently healthy male (27.3 ± 6.3 years; 77.2 ± 11.5 kg; 175.7 ± 6.9 cm) the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-rip ratio (WRR), body fat (%BF), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and a VR test of BP (Cold Pressor Test - CPT) with immersion of hand in the water (4º Celsius during 1 min). There was no association between aerobic fitness (VO2max below or above of mean and relationship test) and VR BP (p> 0.05). Anthropometric indicators as BMI (r= 0.31 / 0.54), WC (r= 0.30 / 0.49), WRR (r= 0.30 / 0.36) and %BF (r= 0.31 / 0.35) showed positive relationships with VR BP (p< 0.05). However, only WC during the CPT (ß= 0.30 / 0.43) and BMI after the CPT (ß= 0.54 / 0.81) were predictors of VR BP (p= 0.05). We conclude that anthropometric indicators showed independents relationships with VR BP. Nevertheless, only the WC (during) and BMI (after) were significant predictors of VR BP, suggesting that body adiposity, independent of aerobic fitness, have an important role as a cardiovascular risk factor.

Objective: To investigate the blood pressure (BP) responses to cardiovascular stress test after a combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity. Method: Twenty individuals (10 male/10 fem; 33.4± 6.9 years; 70.2± 15.8 kg; 170.4± 11.5 cm; 22.3± 6.8% body fat) were randomized in a different days to control session with no exercise or exercise session consisting of 3 laps of the following circuit: knee extension, bench press, knee flexion, rowing in the prone position, squats, shoulder press, and 5 min of aerobic exercise at 75-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate and/or 13 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion [scale of 6 to 20]. The sets of resistance exercise consisted of 15 repetitions at ~50% of the estimated 1 repetition maximum test. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at rest and during 1h of recovery in both experimental sessions. After that, blood pressure reactivity (BPR) was evaluated using the Cold Pressor Test. Results: During 1h of exercise recovery, there was a reduction in SBP (3-6 mmHg) and DBP (2-5 mmHg) in relation to pre-session rest (p<0.01), while this reduction was not observed in the control session. A decline in BPR (4-7 mmHg; p<0.01) was observed 1h post-exercise session, but not in the control session. Post-exercise reductions in SBP and DBP were significantly correlated with BPR reductions (r=0.50-0.45; p<0.05). Conclusion: A combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity promoted subsequent post-exercise hypotension and acutely attenuated BPR in response to a cardiovascular stress test. In addition, the post-exercise BP reduction was correlated with BPR attenuation in healthy adults of both genders.